One of the more specialized areas of column writing is that covering international affairs, politics and legal issues.

One who is reporting on law, government and politicians must be alert and informed.

Whether local, state or national in scope, each agency or division has an area of responsibility to perform. In some cases these duties can be accomplished independently; in others interdependency and cooperation are required. Know who is responsible and know who makes the final decision on contracts.

Learn the chain of authority

You decide to write about a community park where litter abounds and playground equipment is broken. Look in the government section of the phone book. You might find under PARKS recreation or parks and facilities division. Under COMMUNITY PLANNING you might find inspections. Some communities have established hotline numbers. Call to see if others have called or to whom the complaints are forwarded. Does the same office oversee maintenance of grounds and equipment? Will the mayor or county supervisor have final authority?

This applies in your local school as well. Know who the elected student government and club officers are, but also know the committee chairs and the "real" workers.

Know the big picture

When writing about politicians, you need to understand the current positions of the national parties. Avoid the labels "conservative," "liberal," and "moderate." Meet with local party leadership. Republican and Democratic headquarters are listed in the yellow pages. You are unlikely to find United We Stand. You will need to locate names of leaders through the newspaper or the political reporter on the staff of your local newspaper.

Understanding the complexity of issues and political alignment will keep reporting fair and more accurate. Knowing the facts, the motives and implications will keep the columnist from being "used" by a candidate, a party or others.

Get the background

As you write about citizen reaction to candidates and issues still consider your source's perspective. Is the individual a student, the owner of a restaurant or a cigarette distributor, a farmer or developer? Sources all have some personal experience which will influence his or her choice in candidate. For "Kid in the Hall" or "Man in the Street" coverage seek balance: male and female, young and older; different economic levels and professions; involved and barely participating. Think of the demographics of your community to achieve a representative sample.

Give perspective

Your readership is looking to you to know the law, the latest court decisions and the reasons behind actions. They also look to you to make it plain.

Go to school board meetings and meet with the principal, but also cover student government and meetings of officers. These are your "politicians." Does the principal say his decision is based on specific school regulations? Look them up. Know them to ask better questions. Perhaps he is acting as he must - tell your student body. If they don't like what it means for their lives, offer suggestions. Do remember the First Amendment allows for grievances to be addressed.

Watch your tone

Readers of international, political and legal columns expect a direct approach. They are looking for clarity of expression, not humor. Don't confuse your readers. Life does that.